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The Essential Guide to Moisturizers

There is paramount importance of maintaining healthy skin, and one of the most vital components of any skincare regimen is the use of moisturizers. Moisturizers not only hydrate the skin but also play a crucial role in protecting the skin barrier, preventing dryness, and improving the overall appearance of the skin. This guide aims to provide a comprehensive overview of moisturizers, focusing on their importance, mechanisms, key ingredients, potential irritants, optimal use, and how to identify high-quality products.

The Importance of Moisturizers

Moisturizers are essential for maintaining skin hydration and barrier function. The stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin, requires an optimal level of hydration to function properly. When this layer is compromised due to dryness or other factors, it can lead to a range of dermatological issues, including eczema, psoriasis, and accelerated aging. Regular use of moisturizers helps in maintaining skin elasticity, reducing transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and providing a barrier against environmental aggressors.

How Moisturizers Work

Moisturizers function through three primary mechanisms: occlusion, humectancy, and emolliency.

Occlusives: These form a protective barrier on the skin surface, reducing water loss. Common occlusive agents include petrolatum, lanolin, and mineral oil.

Humectants: These attract water from the dermis and the environment into the stratum corneum. Notable humectants include glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and urea.

Emollients: These fill in the gaps between skin cells, smoothing and softening the skin. Examples include ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol.

Key Ingredients in Moisturizers

When selecting a moisturizer, it’s crucial to understand the role of different ingredients:

• Ceramides: Essential for restoring the skin barrier and retaining moisture.
• Hyaluronic Acid: A powerful humectant that can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water.
• Glycerin: A commonly used humectant that helps draw moisture into the skin.
• Niacinamide: An anti-inflammatory ingredient that improves skin elasticity and enhances barrier function.
• Antioxidants: Ingredients like vitamin E and green tea extract protect the skin from free radical damage.

Ingredients to Avoid

While many ingredients can benefit the skin, some may cause irritation or adverse reactions, particularly in sensitive individuals:

• Fragrances: Can cause allergic reactions and irritation.
• Parabens: Preservatives that have raised concerns about potential hormonal disruption.
• Alcohol: Can be drying and irritating to the skin.
• Synthetic Dyes: May cause irritation and allergic reactions.

Optimal Regimen for Using Moisturizers

For best results, moisturizers should be applied immediately after bathing or showering when the skin is still damp. This helps to lock in moisture. For those with very dry skin, a heavier, occlusive moisturizer may be used at night, while a lighter, more breathable formula may be preferable during the day. It’s also beneficial to apply moisturizers throughout the day as needed, especially on areas prone to dryness.

Identifying High-Quality Moisturizers

High-quality moisturizers can be identified by:

• Ingredient List: Look for products that contain a combination of occlusives, humectants, and emollients.
• Clinical Studies: Products that are backed by clinical studies demonstrating their efficacy.
• Formulation: Non-comedogenic (won’t clog pores) and hypoallergenic formulations are preferable, particularly for sensitive skin.
• pH Balanced: Ensures compatibility with the skin’s natural pH level.

Conclusion

Moisturizers are a cornerstone of dermatological care, crucial for maintaining healthy, hydrated skin. By understanding their mechanisms, key ingredients, and optimal use, physicians can better guide their patients in selecting and using moisturizers effectively. Always consider the individual needs of the patient, particularly those with sensitive or reactive skin, and recommend products backed by clinical evidence to ensure efficacy and safety.

Oseltamivir, commercially known as Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication that has played a pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of influenza. Its journey from conceptualization to market release is a fascinating tale of scientific discovery, collaboration, and controversy, reflecting the complexities of modern pharmaceutical development.

Research and Development

The story of Tamiflu begins in the late 1980s with the biotechnology company Gilead Sciences. Researchers at Gilead, driven by the necessity to develop effective antiviral therapies, focused on neuraminidase inhibitors. Neuraminidase is an enzyme on the surface of the influenza virus that facilitates its release from infected cells and spread within the respiratory tract. By inhibiting this enzyme, the replication and dissemination of the virus could be effectively halted .

The research was spearheaded by Dr. Norbert Bischofberger and his team, who synthesized a series of neuraminidase inhibitors. One compound, GS4071, showed particular promise. However, its bioavailability—its ability to be absorbed and utilized in the body—was poor. Further modifications led to the creation of a prodrug, GS4104, which, once ingested, is converted into its active form, oseltamivir carboxylate. This breakthrough significantly improved the compound’s efficacy and usability .

Market Introduction

In 1996, Gilead Sciences partnered with Roche, a global pharmaceutical company, to conduct extensive clinical trials and bring the drug to market. Tamiflu was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1999 for the treatment of influenza A and B in adults and children . Its approval came at a crucial time, as public health officials were increasingly concerned about the threat of influenza pandemics .

Controversies and Efficacy

Tamiflu's journey has not been without controversy. One major issue has been its efficacy. Early clinical trials sponsored by Roche indicated that Tamiflu could reduce the duration of flu symptoms by about a day if taken within 48 hours of symptom onset. However, independent analyses, including a comprehensive review by the Cochrane Collaboration, have raised questions about the robustness of these findings . Critics argue that much of the data from Roche-sponsored studies was not made fully available for independent scrutiny, leading to debates about the true effectiveness of the drug .

Additionally, there have been concerns about potential side effects, such as neuropsychiatric events, particularly in pediatric populations. Although these adverse effects are relatively rare, they have prompted caution in the drug’s use, especially among younger patients .

Current Use and Future Prospects

Despite the controversies, Tamiflu remains a widely used antiviral, particularly during flu seasons and potential pandemics. The H1N1 swine flu pandemic in 2009 and the subsequent outbreaks underscored the importance of having effective antiviral medications in the public health arsenal . While its efficacy in reducing symptom duration and complications has been debated, Tamiflu is still considered a critical tool in managing influenza outbreaks, especially for high-risk populations .

The future of Tamiflu and similar antivirals involves ongoing research and development to improve their efficacy and safety profiles. Newer neuraminidase inhibitors, as well as drugs targeting different stages of the influenza virus life cycle, are being explored. Additionally, the potential for resistance development with widespread use of antivirals is a significant concern, driving the search for novel therapeutics and combination treatments .

Conclusion

Tamiflu’s history highlights the intricate path from scientific discovery to clinical application, marked by significant achievements and challenges. While debates about its efficacy and safety continue, the drug's role in managing influenza cannot be understated. As research advances and new antiviral strategies emerge, the legacy of Tamiflu will undoubtedly influence the future of influenza treatment and public health preparedness.

A well-stocked personal kit with essential prescription and over-the-counter medications can make a significant difference in managing symptoms and preventing complications. Here’s a comprehensive list of medications to include:

• Over-the-Counter Medications
  • Analgesics and Antipyretics: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) are essential for reducing fever and alleviating aches and pains associated with the flu.
  • Decongestants: Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) and phenylephrine (Sudafed PE) can help relieve nasal congestion. Ensure you are aware of the regulations surrounding the purchase of pseudoephedrine.
  • Cough Suppressants: Dextromethorphan (Robitussin DM, Delsym) is effective for controlling a persistent cough.
  • Expectorants: Guaifenesin (Mucinex) helps loosen mucus and makes it easier to clear respiratory passages.
  • Antihistamines: Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) and loratadine (Claritin) can help alleviate runny nose and sneezing.
  • Throat Lozenges: Medicated lozenges containing menthol or benzocaine (Chloraseptic, Cepacol) provide relief from sore throat.
• Prescription Medications
  • Antiviral Medications: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamivir (Relenza) are important for treating influenza, particularly if started within the first 48 hours of symptom onset. They can reduce the duration and severity of symptoms.
  • Inhalers: For patients with a history of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ensure you have albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin) inhalers available to manage any respiratory complications.
  • Antibiotics: While antibiotics do not treat viral infections, they may be necessary if bacterial complications such as sinusitis or pneumonia develop. Common choices include amoxicillin and azithromycin, but these should be prescribed based on specific clinical indications.
  • Nasal Sprays: Prescription nasal corticosteroids such as fluticasone (Flonase) or mometasone (Nasonex) can help reduce severe nasal inflammation and congestion.
• Supportive Care
  • Electrolyte Solutions: Oral rehydration solutions like Pedialyte are important to prevent dehydration, especially in children and the elderly.
  • Humidifier: Using a humidifier in your home can help keep mucous membranes moist and relieve congestion and coughing.
• Preventive Measures
  • Hand Sanitizers: Alcohol-based hand sanitizers are crucial for maintaining hand hygiene and preventing the spread of the flu virus.
  • Face Masks: High-quality masks (such as N95 or surgical masks) can reduce the transmission of the flu virus, especially in crowded or high-risk settings.
  • Thermometer: A reliable digital thermometer is essential for monitoring fever.
• Emergency Contact Information
  • Local Healthcare Facilities: Know the nearest hospitals or urgent care centers for severe cases that may require professional medical attention.

By having these essential medications and supplies on hand, we can better manage flu symptoms, reduce complications, and provide optimal care for ourselves and our loved ones during flu season. Stay prepared and stay healthy!

Gastrointestinal emergencies when at home or when traveling can be alarming and stressful. We’ve compiled our list of essential to have around the house or in your travel pack when taking trips abroad. Especially, if you love eating street food as much as we do!

• Over-the-Counter Medications
  • Antacids: For quick relief from heartburn or acid reflux symptoms, keep calcium carbonate (Tums) and magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia) on hand.
  • Antidiarrheals: Loperamide (Imodium) is essential for sudden bouts of diarrhea, providing rapid symptom control.
  • Antiemetics: Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), ondansetron (Zofran), and meclizine (Bonine) are highly effective options for managing nausea and vomiting.
• Prescription Medications
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs): For more severe or chronic GERD symptoms, ensure you have omeprazole (Prilosec) and esomeprazole (Nexium) available.
  • Antibiotics: When traveling to areas where traveler’s diarrhea is common, a short course of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, and rifaxamin can be crucial. Always consult with your healthcare provider for appropriate choices.
  • Antispasmodics: Medications like hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan) are often prescribed for alleviating abdominal cramping.
• Rehydration Solutions
  • Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS): Prevent dehydration in cases of severe diarrhea or vomiting with ORS solutions such as Pedialyte and DripDrop. Each region has their local brand!
• Probiotics
  • Probiotic Supplements: To maintain gut health and prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea, consider Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (Culturelle) and Saccharomyces boulardii (Florastor).
• Diagnostic Tools
  • Thermometer: Essential for monitoring fever, which can accompany infections.
  • Portable Blood Pressure Monitor: Useful for assessing hypotension due to dehydration.
• Dietary Aids
  • Fiber Supplements: For managing constipation, include psyllium (Metamucil) and methylcellulose (Citrucel) in your kit. Methylcellulose is generally not associated with bloating!
  • Electrolyte Tablets: Maintain electrolyte balance during bouts of diarrhea with options like Nuun tablets and Hydralyte.
• Emergency Contact Information
  • Local Healthcare Facilities: Know the nearest hospitals or clinics to expedite getting help in severe situations.

Being well-prepared with these essential items ensures that we can handle common GI emergencies efficiently, providing peace of mind and the ability to care for ourselves and our loved ones effectively, no matter where we are. Stay safe and prepared!

Essential Skincare Medications for Your Cabinet: A Dermatologist's Guide

Understanding the importance of having the right medications on hand for both routine skincare and emergency situations. A well-stocked medicine cabinet can help address a variety of skin concerns effectively. Here are some essential generic prescription medications and over-the-counter options that I recommend for maintaining healthy skin and managing dermatologic emergencies.

Topical Corticosteroids

Topical corticosteroids are essential for managing inflammatory skin conditions. These medications reduce inflammation, itching, and redness. Different potencies are available for various severities of conditions:

• Triamcinolone Acetonide Cream (Medium Potency): Effective for conditions like eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis. It helps reduce inflammation and itching.
• Clobetasol Propionate (High Potency): For severe inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and lichen planus. Use sparingly and under medical supervision.
• Hydrocortisone Cream (Low Potency): Suitable for mild irritations and rashes. Available over-the-counter for quick relief.

Antibiotic Ointments

Antibiotic ointments are crucial for preventing bacterial infections in minor cuts, scrapes, and burns:

• Mupirocin Ointment: Highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus, including MRSA. Use for treating impetigo and minor skin infections.
• Bacitracin and Polymyxin B (Polysporin): Over-the-counter options for minor wound infections.

Antifungal Creams

Fungal infections can be persistent and uncomfortable. Having effective antifungal creams on hand can help:

• Clotrimazole Cream: Treats athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and yeast infections.
• Ketoconazole Cream: Useful for treating more resistant fungal infections and seborrheic dermatitis.
• Terbinafine Cream: Effective for tinea infections (ringworm) and onychomycosis (fungal nail infections).

Retinoids

Retinoids are vitamin A derivatives that promote cell turnover and improve skin texture. They are effective for both acne and anti-aging:

• Tretinoin Cream: Reduces acne lesions, smoothens skin texture, and diminishes fine lines and wrinkles.
• Adapalene Gel: A milder alternative for acne treatment, available over-the-counter.

Antiviral Creams

Antiviral creams are essential for managing viral skin infections such as cold sores:

• Acyclovir Cream: Reduces the duration and severity of cold sore outbreaks when applied at the first sign of symptoms.
• Penciclovir Cream: Another effective option for herpes simplex infections, offering faster relief and healing.

Moisturizers and Emollients

Maintaining skin hydration and barrier function is critical for overall skin health:

• Ceramide-Containing Moisturizers (e.g., generic CeraVe): Essential for maintaining the skin barrier and keeping skin hydrated, especially for dry or sensitive skin.
• Urea Creams: Effective for treating extremely dry, rough, and thickened skin conditions like ichthyosis and hyperkeratosis.

Sunscreens

Daily sun protection is crucial for preventing skin cancer and premature aging:

• Broad-Spectrum Sunscreen (SPF 30+): Look for formulations containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide for effective protection against both UVA and UVB rays. Regular application is essential for preventing sunburn and skin cancer.

Antihistamines

Oral antihistamines can alleviate itching and discomfort from allergic reactions or itchy skin conditions:

• Cetirizine (Generic Zyrtec): Non-drowsy option for managing allergic reactions, hives, and other itchy skin conditions.
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): Useful for more severe allergic reactions, though it may cause drowsiness.

Hydrocortisone Cream

Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream is a versatile option for managing minor skin irritations and rashes:

• Hydrocortisone Cream 1%: Provides quick relief for mild irritations, insect bites, and contact dermatitis. Safe for short-term use.

Barrier Repair Creams

Restoring and maintaining the skin barrier is crucial for conditions like eczema:

• Niacinamide and Ceramide Creams: Enhance the skin's natural barrier, reduce inflammation, and prevent flare-ups in eczema-prone skin.
• Petrolatum-Based Ointments (e.g., Vaseline): Provide an occlusive layer to lock in moisture and protect the skin from irritants.

Additional Skincare Medications

Including a broader range of medications can further enhance your preparedness for various skin concerns:

• Calamine Lotion: Soothes itching and irritation from insect bites, poison ivy, and chickenpox.
• Salicylic Acid Creams: Useful for treating acne, warts, and psoriasis by promoting exfoliation and reducing inflammation.
• Tacrolimus and Pimecrolimus (Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors): Non-steroidal options for treating eczema and reducing inflammation.

By stocking these essential medications and products, you can effectively manage both routine and emergency skin concerns. Ensuring that your skin stays healthy and well-maintained is crucial for overall well-being. Always consult with a healthcare provider or dermatologist before starting new treatments, especially for prescription medications.

Conclusion

Preparedness in skincare involves having the right medications and understanding their appropriate use. With these essentials in your skincare cabinet, you’ll be well-equipped to handle a wide range of dermatological issues, from minor irritations to more severe conditions. Remember, maintaining your skin’s health is an ongoing commitment that pays off with healthier, more resilient skin. Stay informed and stay prepared.

Essential Medications for Emergency Preparedness

In today's unpredictable world, being prepared for emergencies is more crucial than ever. Whether facing natural disasters, power outages, or even more dire scenarios like a zombie apocalypse, having a well-stocked medicine cabinet can make all the difference. Here’s a guide to the essential medications you should have on hand to ensure you and your loved ones are ready for any emergency.

Antibiotics

Infections can quickly become life-threatening if left untreated. Having a selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics is vital:

• Amoxicillin/Clavulanate: Effective against a variety of bacterial infections.
• Ciprofloxacin: Ideal for urinary tract infections and certain gastrointestinal issues.
• Doxycycline: A versatile antibiotic useful for respiratory infections, skin conditions, and tick-borne diseases.
• Metronidazole: Targets anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites.
• Azithromycin: Useful for respiratory and sexually transmitted infections.

Antivirals

Viruses can cause severe health issues, and being prepared with antivirals can be crucial:

• Acyclovir: For herpes simplex virus infections.
• Oseltamivir (Tamiflu): For influenza.

Pain Management

Pain relief is a cornerstone of any emergency medical kit. Include both over-the-counter and prescription options:

• Ibuprofen: For pain, inflammation, and fever.
• Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): A safe alternative for pain and fever.
• Naproxen: Long-lasting pain relief and anti-inflammatory.

Anti-Inflammatories

Anti-inflammatory medications are essential for reducing severe reactions and managing chronic conditions:

• Prednisone: A corticosteroid for severe allergic reactions, asthma exacerbations, and inflammation.

Gastrointestinal Medications

Digestive issues can arise suddenly and be debilitating if not addressed:

• Loperamide (Imodium): For controlling diarrhea.
• Ondansetron (Zofran): For nausea and vomiting relief.
• Omeprazole: For acid reflux and ulcer prevention.

Chronic Condition Medications

Maintaining the health of those with chronic conditions is critical during emergencies:

• Metformin: For diabetes management.
• Lisinopril: For controlling high blood pressure.
• Levothyroxine: For thyroid regulation.
• Albuterol Inhaler: For asthma or bronchospasms.

Antiseptics and Wound Care

Injuries are common in emergencies. Proper wound care prevents infections and promotes healing:

• Hydrogen Peroxide and Povidone-Iodine (Betadine): For cleaning and disinfecting wounds.
• Antibiotic Ointment (Neosporin): For infection prevention.
• Sterile Dressings and Bandages: Essential for wound care.

Eye and Ear Medications

Eye and ear infections can be painful and debilitating:

• Polymyxin Eye Drops: For bacterial conjunctivitis.
• Ciprodex: For otitis externa (ear infections).

Emergency Medications

Be prepared for severe allergic reactions and other emergencies:

• Epinephrine Auto-Injector (EpiPen): For anaphylaxis.
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): For allergic reactions and as a mild sedative.

Miscellaneous Essentials

These additional items can help manage minor health issues and overall well-being:

• Multivitamins: To prevent nutritional deficiencies.
• Electrolyte Solutions: To combat dehydration.
• Antihistamines (Cetirizine or Loratadine): For allergy relief.
• Laxatives: To address constipation.
• Hydrocortisone Cream: For skin irritations and rashes.
• Propranolol: For managing anxiety and preventing panic attacks.

First Aid Supplies and Medical Tools

Having the right tools is as important as having the right medications:

• Sutures or Suture Kits: For closing wounds.
• Tourniquets: For severe bleeding.
• Splints: For stabilizing fractures.
• Thermometer: For monitoring fevers.
• Tweezers, Scissors, Syringes, and Needles: For various medical tasks.

Personal Medications

Don’t forget to include any personal prescriptions specific to your health needs.

By stocking up on these essential medications and supplies, you’ll be well-prepared to handle a wide range of medical emergencies. Preparedness is not just about survival; it's about maintaining your health and well-being when the unexpected happens. Stay safe and be ready!

Discover the Top Prescribed Medications on eNavvi

Everything doctors and pharmacists need to know!

Introduction

Hello, esteemed doctors and pharmacists! 🌟

Welcome to another insightful article brought to you by eNavvi.com. If you're looking to stay updated on the most frequently prescribed medications on our platform, you're in the right place. Grab a cup of coffee, relax, and let's dive into the fascinating world of pharmaceuticals together.

Why eNavvi.com?

At eNavvi.com, we take pride in being a trusted partner for healthcare professionals. Our platform is designed to streamline the prescription process, making it easier for you to provide the best care for your patients. Whether you're a seasoned pro or just starting in your career, eNavvi.com offers a wealth of resources to keep you informed and efficient.

Top Prescribed Medications

Here’s a quick rundown of typical prescriptions others re making via eNavvi.

1. Lisinopril

• Used For: Hypertension and heart failure
• Why It's Popular: Its effectiveness in lowering blood pressure and its relatively mild side-effect profile make it a go-to for many healthcare providers.

2. Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

• Used For: Lowering cholesterol
• Why It's Popular: This statin is known for its significant results in reducing LDL cholesterol, making it a staple in managing cardiovascular risk.

3. Metformin

• Used For: Type 2 diabetes
• Why It's Popular: Its ability to improve blood sugar control without causing weight gain has made Metformin a cornerstone in diabetes management.

4. Omeprazole

• Used For: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
• Why It's Popular: This proton pump inhibitor is favored for its efficacy in reducing stomach acid and providing relief from GERD symptoms.

5. Albuterol

• Used For: Asthma and COPD
• Why It's Popular: Its rapid action in relieving bronchospasm makes it an essential medication in respiratory care.

What Sets These Medications Apart?

• Lisinopril: Not just effective but also cost-efficient, making it accessible for a broader patient population.
• Atorvastatin: Besides lowering cholesterol, it has been shown to reduce the risk of heart attack and stroke.
• Metformin: A long-standing favorite due to its dual action on insulin resistance and glucose production.
• Omeprazole: Offers longer-lasting relief compared to H2 blockers.
• Albuterol: Its fast-acting nature is critical during acute asthma attacks.

Conclusion

Staying updated on the latest trends in prescriptions is crucial for delivering the best patient care. At eNavvi.com, we're committed to providing you with the insights and tools you need to excel in your practice.

Feel free to explore our platform for more detailed information on these medications and much more. Happy prescribing!

What is Metformin?

Metformin is a low cost oral medication used to treat type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into the cells. This condition results in too much sugar circulating in the blood, and over time, this excess sugar causes high blood sugar levels which can result in disorders of the circulatory, nervous and immune system.

While Metformin’s method of action is not fully understood, its effects are known to be helpful for those with type 2 diabetes. Metformin is the only member of a class of drugs called biguanides, which work to treat type 2 diabetes by decreasing the amount of glucose produced by the liver during digestion.

Metformin works in many ways to lower blood sugar. Inhibiting the liver’s glucose production helps reduce the amount of glucose in the bloodstream, and increased sensitivity to insulin allows cells to take up glucose from the bloodstream more efficiently which also aids in lowering blood sugar. Additionally, metformin might also have an effect on the absorption of glucose by the intestines and the way the body processes certain fats and proteins.

Other Uses for Metformin:

Recent research has shown that taking Metformin may have advantages that go much further than just treatment for diabetes. Metformin is already well known for its cardiovascular benefits, including lower rates of death due to cardiovascular disease. However, researchers are also looking further into other benefits of Metformin such as lower risks of cancer, dementia, and strokes. There are preliminary studies showing that Metformin might even slow aging, help prevent age related diseases, and increase longevity.

Generics of Metformin:

Metformin has several generic equivalents on the market under names such as Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Glumetza, and Riomet. Generic versions of brand name drugs are ensured by the Food and Drug Administration to have identical active ingredients and be just as effective and potent as their brand name counterparts. They also may be available at a lower cost depending on location, dosage, pharmacy, and insurance coverage.

Side effects:

Like all medications, Metformin can also cause some side effects such as the following:

• Nausea
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Stomach pain
• Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
• Sweating
• Shaking
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Fainting
• Vitamin B12 deficiency
• Skin reactions like rashes, itching, or hives

Gastrointestinal distress can be very common with Metformin and can cause some patients to be intolerant of the drug regardless of its benefits. However, studies have shown that there are advantages to prescribing the extended release version of Metformin in these instances. Extended release Metformin is shown to be just as effective as immediate release Metformin and can allow patients to reduce dosage to once daily, with added benefits for those who have experienced adverse gastrointestinal symptoms.

Metformin cost:

Metformin is a commonly prescribed and relatively inexpensive drug, and generic versions of it make it even more affordable for some patients. You can look up metformin cost online at eNavvi to determine what your copay may be. The cash price for metformin for a one-month prescription for 60, 1000mg tablets averages around $12.

Metformin is a long term maintenance drug for diabetes, so those prescribed this medication can expect to pay around $144 a year if they’re paying the full cash price without help from insurance. Most health insurance coverage will reduce that cost even further, but of course there are many factors like location, plan specifics, copay costs, and deductibles. eNavvi can help you find more information on the price of this medication for you.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.

Essential Medications for Emergency Preparedness

In today's unpredictable world, being prepared for emergencies is more crucial than ever. Whether facing natural disasters, power outages, or even more dire scenarios like a zombie apocalypse, having a well-stocked medicine cabinet can make all the difference. Here’s a guide to the essential medications you should have on hand to ensure you and your loved ones are ready for any emergency.

Antibiotics

Infections can quickly become life-threatening if left untreated. Having a selection of broad-spectrum antibiotics is vital:

• Amoxicillin/Clavulanate: Effective against a variety of bacterial infections.
• Ciprofloxacin: Ideal for urinary tract infections and certain gastrointestinal issues.
• Doxycycline: A versatile antibiotic useful for respiratory infections, skin conditions, and tick-borne diseases.
• Metronidazole: Targets anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites.
• Azithromycin: Useful for respiratory and sexually transmitted infections.

Pain Management

Pain relief is a cornerstone of any emergency medical kit. Include both over-the-counter and prescription options:

• Ibuprofen: For pain, inflammation, and fever.
• Acetaminophen (Paracetamol): A safe alternative for pain and fever.
• Naproxen: Long-lasting pain relief and anti-inflammatory.
• Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen: For severe pain management.

Gastrointestinal Medications

Digestive issues can arise suddenly and be debilitating if not addressed:

• Loperamide (Imodium): For controlling diarrhea.
• Ondansetron (Zofran): For nausea and vomiting relief.
• Omeprazole: For acid reflux and ulcer prevention.

Chronic Condition Medications

Maintaining the health of those with chronic conditions is critical during emergencies:

• Metformin: For diabetes management.
• Lisinopril: For controlling high blood pressure.
• Levothyroxine: For thyroid regulation.
• Albuterol Inhaler: For asthma or bronchospasms.

Antiseptics and Wound Care

Injuries are common in emergencies. Proper wound care prevents infections and promotes healing:

• Hydrogen Peroxide and Povidone-Iodine (Betadine): For cleaning and disinfecting wounds.
• Antibiotic Ointment (Neosporin): For infection prevention.
• Sterile Dressings and Bandages: Essential for wound care.

Emergency Medications

Be prepared for severe allergic reactions and other emergencies:

• Epinephrine Auto-Injector (EpiPen): For anaphylaxis.
• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl): For allergic reactions and as a mild sedative.

Miscellaneous Essentials

These additional items can help manage minor health issues and overall well-being:

• Multivitamins: To prevent nutritional deficiencies.
• Electrolyte Solutions: To combat dehydration.
• Antihistamines (Cetirizine or Loratadine): For allergy relief.
• Laxatives: To address constipation.
• Hydrocortisone Cream: For skin irritations and rashes.

First Aid Supplies and Medical Tools

Having the right tools is as important as having the right medications:

• Sutures or Suture Kits: For closing wounds.
• Tourniquets: For severe bleeding.
• Splints: For stabilizing fractures.
• Thermometer: For monitoring fevers.
• Tweezers, Scissors, Syringes, and Needles: For various medical tasks.

Personal Medications

Don’t forget to include any personal prescriptions specific to your health needs.

By stocking up on these essential medications and supplies, you’ll be well-prepared to handle a wide range of medical emergencies. Preparedness is not just about survival; it's about maintaining your health and well-being when the unexpected happens. Stay safe and be ready!

Depression is a serious medical condition that can range from mild to severe and trying to navigate treatment options that best suits your particular needs is difficult. There are a variety of methods used to treat depression which may entail therapy such as cognitive behavior therapy or working with a doctor or psychiatrist to be prescribed depression medication. Here is a detailed depression medication list to help you familiarize with the antidepressant options that exist.

Depression medication is often used when therapy and other practices such as regular exercise do not fully treat depression symptoms. However, depression medication isn’t only used to treat depression. It can also be used to treat a variety of mental health disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder or generalized anxiety disorders.

While it is necessary to consult your doctor on which medication is ideal for you, below is a detailed depression medication list of the different types of medication that are available. Here you will find more information on the different types of depression medications and which medications under each respective category have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.

Depression Medicaiton List - Types of Antidepressants

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by increasing the amount of serotonin available in the brain, serotonin is a chemical messenger that plays a vital role in transmitting signals between brain nerves or neurons. SSRIs also act to limit the amount of serotonin that is reabsorbed by neurons. Both of these functions allow for more serotonin to be available which improves signaling between neurons.

SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressant listed on this depression medication list. This type of depression medication is often prescribed due to fewer side effects being reports by users. .

SSRIs can also be used for other medical conditions such as a treatment for individuals with anxiety disorders. SSRIs are also used to treat those with other conditions such as OCD, postpartum depression, PTSD and bulimia.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 5 variations of SSRIs:

• Fluoxetine (Prozac
• Citalopram (Cipramil)
• Escitalopram (Cipralex))
• Praoxetine (Seroxat)
• Sertraline (Lustral)

Below is a SSRI depression medication list.

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Fluoxetine, or more commonly known under the brand name Prozac, is amongst the most commonly prescribed SSRIs in the United States to patients with depression. Fluoxetine may help those with depression by improving mood, quality of sleep, energy levels and/or appetite.

However, fluoxetine is not exclusively used for treating depression but is also used to treat patients with other medical conditions at the discretion of their doctor. For example, this SSRI may be used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) by helping to reduce the amount of unwanted thoughts or the urge to perform compulsion tasks.

Fluoxetine may also be used as a treatment for premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) as it may help in reducing PMDD symptoms such as depression, irritability, and increased appetite. Fluoxetine may also help in treating some eating disorders such as bulimia by possibly reducing binge and purge behaviors.

Citalopram (Cipramil)

Citalopram, otherwise known under brand names such as Celexa and Cipramil, is another form of antidepressant that may be used for other conditions under a doctor’s discretion.

Escitalopram (Cipralex)

Escitalopram or as it is known under the brand name Cipralex is an SSRI that is used to treat depression as well as other mental health conditions. Escitalopram can be used to help those with generalized anxiety, OCD as well as social anxiety disorders.

Paroxestine (Seroxat)

The SSRI called paroxetine or branded as Seroxat is used to treat depression and can be used to treat generalized anxiety disorders, OCD, PTSD and panic attacks.

Sertraline (Lustral)

Sertraline or known under the brand name Lustral is another SSRI. Like the other listed SSRIs, this prescription medication is used to treat depression, however, sertraline can be used to treat other disorders. Sertraline can be used to treat PTSD, panic disorders and OCD.

SSRIs Side Effects

SSRIs generally work in similar ways but the one best tolerated by you may vary on the medications potentencies. Side effects are typically mild and only last the first few weeks.

Common possible side effects of SSRIs may include but are not limited to:

• Nausea and/or vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Headache
• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Insomnia
• Nervousness, agitation or restlessness
• Lightheadedness
• Sexual problems, such as reduced sexual desire, difficulty reaching orgasm or inability to maintain an erection (erectile dysfunction)
• Changes in appetite, which may lead to weight loss or weight gain

Inform your doctor of any side effects you are experiencing so they may assist in determining which further actions should be taken.

Selective-noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)

Selective-noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) were originally formulated to be more effective than SSRIs. However, SNRIs were not found to be effective for everyone across the board. Instead, SSRIs remain more effective for some while SNRIs are more effective for others.

SNRIs can also be used to treat other conditions such as anxiety disorders as well as chronic pain disorders especially those in combination with depression

This type of antidepressant works by blocking the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. In doing so, it works to create changes in brain chemistry and communication between brain cells known to regulate mood.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved these SNRIs to treat depression:

• Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
• Duloxetine (Cymbalta) — also approved to treat anxiety and certain types of chronic pain
• Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)
• Venlafaxine (Effexor XR) — also approved to treat certain anxiety disorders and panic disorder

SNRIs Side Effects

Side effects are possible when beginning new medications, although may not always occur. Side effects are typically mild and subside in a few weeks. Some common possible side effects associated with SNRIs include but are not limited to:

• Nausea
  • Which can be reduced by taking medication with food
• Dry mouth
• Lightheadedness
• Headache
• Excessive sweating

Other possible side effects that are less common may include but are not limited to:

• Tiredness
• Constipation
• Insomnia
• Changes in sexual function
  • This may include such reduced sexual desire, difficulty reaching orgasm or erectile dysfunction
• Loss of appetite

Consult your doctor on potential side effects and which dose is most appropriate for you and the current symptoms you are experiencing. Read the warnings below when determining to start or stop taking any type of medication from the depression medication list.

Noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NASSAs)

Noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NASSAs) are primarily used to treat depression in those that are unable to take the other classes of antidepressants. One reason NASSA may be prescribed is that they are believed to have less impact on sexual function.

A commonly known NASSA is mirtazapine or marketed as Zispin.

NASSAs work by increasing the amount of serotonin and noradrenaline in the neurotransmitter system while also blocking the reuptake of serotonin by serotonin receptors.

NASSAs Side Effects

NASSAs come with the potential of unpleasant side effects. The most common side effect being drowsiness when first beginning treatment. Some other side effects include but are not limited to:

• Dry mouth
• Weight gain
• Constipation
• Dizziness

Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs)

Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors or SARIs are a form of antidepressants used to treat major depressive disorder. This particular antidepressant works differently than SSRIs and SRNIs.

SARIs allow for serotonin to remain in the neurotransmitter system for longer by blocking the reuptake of serotonin by serotonin receptors. These work in a way that lessens the frequency of serotonin being removed from the neurotransmitter system which allows for increased mood as well as energy for those suffering from depression.

Commonly known SARIs are trazodone which is also marketed under the brand name Molipaxin and nefazodone which is known under the brand name Serzone. This type of antidepressant can also be used to treat anxiety as well as insomnia in certain patients either suffering from these symptoms alongside depression or independently. .

SARI Side Effects

Like the other classes of antidepressants, SARIs also may cause some unwanted side effects. Some of the side effects include (but are not limited to):

• Fatigue
• Dizziness
• Blurred vision
• Drowsiness
• Fatigue
• Dry mouth
• Constipation

Older Antidepressants

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are older types of antidepressants that are not often prescribed nowadays. These two types of antidepressants are not prescribed as frequently due to their more serious side effects and in some cases can be fatal in large doses.

These antidepressants are prescribed when an individual does not respond to more commonly prescribed drugs. These prescription medications may also be used to treat other conditions. For example, some types of TCAs may be used to treat OCD or even chronic nerve pain.

Some common MAOIs are:

• tranylcypromine
• phenelzine
• Isocarboxazid

Some common TCAs are:

• amitriptyline (Tryptizol)
• clomipramine (Anafranil)
• dosulepin (Prothiaden)
• imipramine (Tofranil)
• lofepramine (Gamanil)
• nortriptyline (Allegron)

Other Antidepressants

Some other antidepressants include bupropion which belong to the aminoketone class. This medication works by inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine resulting in more available chemicals to transmit messages to other nerves. . This results in more of these chemicals available to transmit messages to other nerves. Wellbutrin is unique because of its its major effect is on dopamine.

Depression Medication List Disclaimer

In order to determine which prescription from the above depression medication list is best for you, it is best to consult your doctor on potential side effects and which dose is most appropriate for you and your current symptoms. It is also important to make your doctor aware of any other conditions you may have such as (but not limited to) heart issues, epilepsy or diabetes.

Antidepressants may interact with certain conditions or other medications unfavorably thus it is important to be transparent with your doctor to ensure the best medication is prescribed to you. Also, read the warnings below when determining to start or stop taking any type of medication from the depression medication list.

Depression Medication List Warnings

Before deciding which anti-depression medication is best for you from the depression medication list, it is important to not only consult your doctor but to inform them of any current medication you are taking or have taken in the past. It is important to inform your doctor of your current symptoms so they may decide the best course of medication to treat your current symptoms.

Once you begin taking medication to treat your depression, it is important to pay close attention to any changes in mood or any new or worsening thoughts or symptoms. Also be sure to inform your doctor if the medication is not working for you.

When taking any form of medication, follow your doctor’s instructions and the prescription label exactly.

When deciding to stop taking any type of antidepressant, it is important to not suddenly stop taking the medication but to first consult your doctor. Suddenly stopping the use of any medication may cause unwanted side effects or withdrawal, it is important to receive doctors’ instructions on how to safely stop taking your prescription medication.

What Is Childhood Asthma?

Asthma is a chronic lung disease which can cause the lungs and airways to become inflamed or narrowed due to exposure to certain triggers, making it difficult to breathe. According to the American Lung Association, asthma is the most common chronic condition among children and currently effects an estimate of 6.1 million children in the United States.

As a result, childhood asthma is a leading cause of school absences and even hospitalization in the unfortunate event of a flare-up known commonly as an ‘asthma attack.’ There is currently no known cure for childhood asthma, but it can be effectively managed through treatment and proper care.

What Causes Childhood Asthma?

While the exact cause of childhood asthma is still currently unknown, it is likely that genetics and environment may be factors in its development. A child with an inherited tendency to develop allergies or parents who have asthma might be more likely to develop childhood asthma. Environmental factors like secondhand smoke or air pollution where the child lives can also come into play. Asthma attacks often occur after exposure to any variety of asthma triggers, and childhood asthma is no exception.

The most common types of childhood asthma are identified by their triggers. Allergic asthma is set off by exposure to an allergen (i.e. pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander), while virus-induced asthma means that asthma symptoms present if a child is fighting a cold or respiratory infection. Exercise-induced asthma may cause children to show symptoms after physical activity like a gym class or sports practice.

It’s important to note that while some cases of childhood asthma are trigger specific, any number of triggers can cause asthma symptoms to arise in children, and sometimes it might seem like there is no trigger at all. Delayed reactions to triggers can make them harder to identify right away.

Common Triggers

Other common triggers include:

• Indoor and outdoor air pollutants such as tobacco smoke or particle pollution
• Exposure to cold air or sudden temperature change
• Excitement or stress

Symptoms of Childhood Asthma

Signs and symptoms of childhood asthma may vary from child to child, or episode to episode. It is possible for a child to exhibit only one symptom or several at a time.

Some of the most common symptoms are:

• Frequent cough or coughing spells
• Wheezing or whistling sounds
• Shortness of breath Rapid breathing
• Chest tightness

Additional signs to look out for include:

• Trouble sleeping due to breathing problems
• Coughing or wheezing episodes that get worse with a cold or flu
• Delayed recovery from any respiratory issues
• Trouble breathing that hinders play/exercise
• Sore and chest neck muscles

When children experience asthma attacks, these symptoms can get much worse and become dangerous or potentially life-threatening.

Stay vigilant for warning signs like:

• Severe coughing
• Serious breathing problems
• Turning blue in the face, lips, and/or fingernails
• Chest and sides pulling inward, struggling to breathe
• Using abdominal muscles to breathe
• Abdomen is sucked under the ribs when inhaling
• Nostrils widen when breathing in
• Fast Heartbeat

In the event of a severe asthma attack, seek medical attention right away.

How Is Childhood Asthma Diagnosed?

A pediatrician or primary care doctor typically diagnoses childhood asthma by taking a thorough medical history, asking questions about the child’s symptoms, conducting a physical exam, and sometimes performing chest x-rays or other imaging tests to rule out other causes for the child’s symptoms.

Children over the age of 5 receive a lung function test, which requires them to blow forcefully into a spirometer - a tubelike instrument that measures the volume and speed of the air flowing through it. If a child is too young for the spirometry test, some doctors might try prescribing asthma medicines for a few months to see how the child responds. Doctors may also test for other conditions that can exacerbate or set off childhood asthma, such as allergies or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Treatment for Childhood Asthma

After a childhood asthma diagnosis, a healthcare provider will put together a treatment plan to help manage symptoms and prevent asthma attacks, as well as an asthma action plan with triggers to avoid and actions to follow in the event an asthma attack still occurs.

There are short term and long term medical treatments for childhood asthma, and both are often necessary for a successful treatment plan. Short term quick relief medicines like rescue inhalers work fast within 10 minutes to relieve or prevent symptoms during an asthma attack, while long term control medicines like inhaled corticosteroids are able to reduce inflammation of the airways and prevent them from narrowing over time.

Childhood Asthma Risk Factors & Prevention

Childhood asthma may be more likely to develop as a result of the following risk factors:

• A family history of allergies or asthma Living somewhere with high air pollution
• Previous allergic reactions - including hay fever, food allergies, and skin reactions
• Other respiratory conditions - previous infections, chronic runny nose, pneumonia
• Childhood obesity
• Heartburn or GERD

The best way to prevent childhood asthma is to closely follow treatment and action plans from a healthcare provider.

Here are some prevention techniques that can help:

• Identifying triggers and limit exposure to them to avoid asthma symptoms
• Providing a smoke-free environment - exposure to tobacco smoke, especially in infancy, is a major risk factor for developing childhood asthma and can also be a trigger later on
• Staying active and maintaining a healthy weight - while activity can sometimes be a trigger for exercise-induced childhood asthma, being overweight can also worsen asthma symptoms and create other health risks for the child
• Keeping heartburn under control as it is a common asthma trigger
• Make sure to consult with a healthcare provider often, as asthma changes over time and regular check ins can allow necessary adjustments to the treatment plan in order to keep symptoms under control

What is Lustral used for?

Lustral is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that works by helping to restore the balance of serotonin. Serotonin is a naturally occurring substance in the brain that plays a role in regulating mood, digestion, sleep, and more. Lustral has been approved to treat mental health conditions such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, premenstrual dysphoric disorder, and more.

Is Lustral the same as Zoloft?

Lustral and Zoloft are two brand versions of the generic medication sertraline. Lustral is a Pfizer product and Zoloft is manufactured by Viatris.

Brand Name vs Generic Sertraline

Many brand name drugs are available for a lesser cost in a generic form. The FDA claims that approved generic drugs are just as effective as their brand name counterparts because both types have the same active ingredient. However, when it comes to antidepressants, research has shown that generic medications may not necessarily deliver the same results as brand name versions. A recent study in Taiwan revealed that patients treated with generic products of sertraline and several other commonly prescribed antidepressants were at a higher risk of psychiatric hospitalization than those treated with their brand-name counterpart.

Compared to most generic antidepressants, brand name drugs exhibited more protective effects on psychiatric hospitalization for depressive patients. While the generic form of these medications may come at a lower cost, it is important for both prescribing clinicians and patients themselves to be aware of the decreased effectiveness.

Lustral Dosage

Lustral is available in 25mg, 50mg, and 100mg capsules. A typical dose for adults is 50mg per day, but a doctor may prescribe an introductory dose for a small period of time and eventually increase it - in some cases the dose may increase all the way up to the maximum dose of 200mg per day. Lustral can be taken at any time based on personal preference, as long as it is the same time daily. However, it is recommended that individuals who have trouble sleeping take this medication in the morning. If a dose is missed, that dose should be skipped and the next dose should be taken at the usual time. Never take 2 doses to make up for a forgotten dose of this medication.

Side Effects

Common side effects for Lustral include nausea, headaches, restlessness, difficulty sleeping, feeling dizzy, feeling tired or weak, dry mouth, and diarrhea. More serious side effects are rare, but you should contact a healthcare professional if you experience any of the following:

• Changes in menstruation, such as irregular heavy bleeding, spotting, or bleeding between periods
• Feelings of overwhelming happiness (euphoria), excessive enthusiasm or
• excitement, or a feeling of restlessness that prevents you from being able to stand or
• sit still
• Jaundice - the whites of your eyes or your skin turning yellow
• Coughing up blood or seeing blood in urine, stool, or vomit
• Bleeding gums, bruises that appear or seem to grow without cause

Does Lustral cause weight gain

Like other SSRIs, Lustral is known to potentially cause a small weight gain from 1% to 1.6% of initial body weight when used over 6 months to 1 year. While weight gain is likely on this medication, it is unclear if this is actually due to the medication itself. There are many theories on what might cause weight gain among people on Lustral. Some people experience a loss of appetite when they are depressed.

When they take Lustral and start to feel better, they might be more likely to eat more and therefore gain weight. Another theory proposes that Lustral might stimulate the appetite and make people feel hungrier than normal by affecting their ability to suppress the urge to eat. Most people who are prescribed Lustral stay on it for long periods of time, and even a small increase in calorie intake will cause weight gain over time if it is not paired with an increase in activity level.

Lustral cost

Lustral cost will vary based on insurance coverage, it is cheaper with insurance and more expensive without. With no insurance at all, the drug is available at a cash price, and even that can vary between different pharmacies. Online coupons are available for these medications in some cases. A lower price option for Lustral would be choosing the generic version.

However, it is important to note that although the FDA says generic medications can be substituted for brand name medications without impacting effectiveness, in this specific case research has shown this to be untrue. People who take generic antidepressants are more likely to be hospitalized for psychiatric reasons than those taking brand name antidepressants.

Euthyrox is a thyroid medication that is used to replace a hormone that is usually naturally produced by the thyroid gland to regulate the body's metabolism and energy. Euthyrox is a man made version of the natural hormone called thyrozine. In this article, we will discuss what euthyrox is used for, side effects of euthyrox as well as cost.

Euthyrox is used to treat hypothyroidism which is when the thyroid does not produce enough of hormones to properly function. Euthyrox can also be used to treat or prevent an enlarged thyroid gland which can be caused by radiation treatment, surgery, cancer or hormone imbalances.

Levothyroxine is the generic version of brand name Euthyrox. This drug can also be found under other names such as:

• Levothroid
• Levoxyl
• Synthroid
• Tirosint
• Unithroid

While typically switching between a generic and brand name drug is not an issue, there have been some negative experiences and side effects of euthyrox reported by those who switched to the generic levothyroxine from a brand name. Consult your healthcare professional to determine if switching may be a problem or to properly discuss the various contradictory information available about the generic vs brand name versions of this medication. Some issues that occurred where: dry skin, body aches, numbness or tingling in hands, or fatigue. Pre-existing health conditions may make some individuals not suitable for the generic brand of this medication.

The American Thyroid Association recommends taking the same brand or generic version of this medication throughout treatment. Thyroid disease may require lifelong therapy and is best treated with consistent and precise treatment with the same medication.

This medication comes in a variety of forms such as a liquid filled capsule, solution as well as tablet.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.

Warning

Euthyrox cannot be used if you have certain medical conditions such as untreated or uncontrolled adrenal gland disorder, a thyroid disorder called thyrotoxicosis, or have had any recent or current symptoms of a heart attack.

Side Effects of Euthyrox

If you have an allergic reaction to this medication, you should get emergency help immediately. Some indications are hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of face, lips, tongue or throat

Call your doctor at once if you also experience any of these side effects of euthyrox:

• fast or irregular heartbeats
• fever, hot flashes, sweating
• chest pain, pain spreading to your jaw or shoulder
• shortness of breath
• headache, leg cramps, muscle aches
• tremors, or if you feel unusually cold
• memory problems
• feeling depressed or irritable or nervousness
• irregular menstrual periods
• dryness of skin or hair, hair loss
• vomiting, diarrhea, appetite changes, weight changes

Common side effects of euthyrox include but are not limited to:

• increased appetite
• shortness of breath
• chest pain, irregular heart beats
• changes in menstrual periods
• diarrhea
• skin rash, partial hair loss
• weight loss
• feeling hot
• headache, leg cramps, muscle pain or weakness
• tremors
• feeling nervous or irritable
• difficulty sleeping

Cost of Euthyrox

The cost of this medication depends on health plan coverage as well as the drug prescribed. You or your doctor can use eNavvi to determine which version of this drug

What is Levoxyl?

Levoxyl is Pfizer’s brand name for a medication containing the active ingredient levothyroxine, a hormone similar to thyroxine, or T4, the main hormone that is made and released by your thyroid gland.

What is Levoxyl used for?

Levoxyl is used to treat underactive thyroids by replacing or giving extra levothyroxine to those who do not naturally produce enough of this hormone. It can also be used to treat people who need surgery and radioiodine therapy to manage a type of thyroid cancer called well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Both children and adults can be treated with Levoxyl.

Levoxyl cost

Levoxyl costs depend on health plan coverage as well as the drug prescribed. You or your doctor can use eNavvi to determine which version of this drug is within coverage and if there are any prior authorizations or step-therapy requirements.

Levoxyl generic name

Levoxyl is available in its generic form under the same name as its active ingredient, levothyroxine. However, it is important to know that the generic form of Levoxyl may contain more variations in potency and additives.

Levothyroxine vs Levoxyl

Levothyroxine is the active ingredient in Levoxyl. Levothyroxine in its generic form is different from Levoxyl because of inactive filler ingredients.

Levoxyl vs Synthroid

Synthroid is another brand name medication containing levothyroxine as its active ingredient. Although Synthroid and Levoxyl share the same active ingredient, they contain different inactive filler ingredients. Both products are considered by the FDA to be therapeutically equivalent, meaning that they are expected to produce the same clinical effect and be equally safe for consumption. While these medications are legally allowed to be substituted for each other, it is not advised to switch frequently between different forms of levothyroxine because this can cause enough variation to cause a noticeable effect on thyroid hormone levels and symptom control.

Side effects:

The most common side effects of Levoxyl are listed on Pfizer’s website as follows:

• irregular heartbeat
• chest pain
• shortness of breath
• leg cramps
• headache
• nervousness
• hives or skin rash
• irritability
• sleep problems (insomnia)
• tremors
• muscle weakness
• change in appetite
• weight loss
• vomiting
• diarrhea
• sweating a lot
• heat intolerance
• fever
• changes in menstrual period

Levoxyl can cause more serious side effects in some people who have other medical conditions.T

Those with heart conditions should be aware that they may experience an increased heart rate, chest pain and irregular heartbeat. The risk of developing heart problems may be greater if you are elderly, have heart problems, or if you take too much Levoxyl. Levoxyl can also make it harder for diabetics to control their blood sugar levels, which can cause hyperglycemia while taking this medication. If you are diabetic and taking Levoxyl, it is recommended that you check your blood sugar levels closely after starting, changing, or
stopping treatment with Levoxyl, and tell your healthcare provider if there are any changes. Your healthcare provider may have to change your diabetes treatment plan.

Can Levoxyl cause weight gain?

Levoxyl is more likely to cause weight loss as a side effect. Weight gain on Levoxyl may be a sign of under treatment according to the American Thyroid Association.

Does Levoxyl contain gluten?

Levoxyl does not contain gluten, and is therefore considered gluten-free. The inactive ingredients in Levoxyl are microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, calcium sulfate dihydrate, sodium bicarbonate, and coloring additives.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.

This is an in depth blog post on the medication fluocinonide. In this post describes what the medication is used for, brand names, side effects and fluocinonide cost.

What is Fluocinonide

Fluocinonide is a corticosteroid that reduces swelling and inflammation in the skin. The medication is a topical anti-inflammatory agent that can be used on treat skin conditions for people and dogs. The anti-inflammatory cream must be prescribed by either a physician or in the case of dog, veterinary, to treat certain skin conditions.

Fluocinonide for dogs and people is used to reduce itching, redness, dryness and scaling caused by many skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis.

The medication is only used to treat skin conditions. It should not come into contact with your eyes, nose or mouth.

Fluocinonide is only to be used as prescribed by your doctor. The medication should not to be used for more than 2 weeks in a row and no more than 60 grams per week. Typical use is 1 to 4 times daily depending on the brand prescribed. It is important to follow your doctors direction carefully. Do not wrap or cover the area unless otherwise directed by your physician.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.

Brand Names

Fluocinonide can be available as a generic or under brand names. Some examples of brand names of this product are: Fluovix, Lidemol, Lidex, Lyderm, Tiamol, Topactin, Topsyn and Vanos. Fluocinonide cost can vary depending on if you are prescribed the generic or brand name.

Side Effects

Some side effects of this medication are burning, itching, pain, irritation on the treated area. These side effects tend to be mild and go away with continued use.

More serious side effects can occur and you should contact your doctor if you experience the following. Or if you feel that your symptoms are life-threatening or if you are having a medical emergency, call 911 immediately. More serious side effects and symptoms are as follows:

• Adrenal insufficiency, which may include symptoms such as:
  • loss of appetite
  • weight loss
  • fainting
  • dizziness
  • nausea or vomiting
  • muscle weakness
  • depression
  • fatigue that worsens or doesn't go away
• Cushing syndrome, which can include symptoms such as:
  • slow healing of wounds, cuts
  • feeling irritable, depressed, or anxious
  • new or worsening high blood pressure
  • tiredness
  • muscle weakness
  • weight gain
  • roundness in case (moon face)
• Hair growth
• Acne
• Loss of skin color
• Skin Infection
• Thinning of skin
• Stretch marks

Disclaimer: We cannot guarantee this information includes all side effects as drugs affect different people differently. This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Always discuss potential risks and side effects with a healthcare professional who knows your medical history.

Storage and disposal of this medication

Read the instructions provided with your medication to determine how to best store and dispose of this medication.

Some directions may be like the one that follows but may also differ. Store this medication at room temperature in a tightly closed container away from heat and moisture. This medication should be stored at room temperature 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Do not refrigerate this product. Throw away any unused medicine after the expiration date on the container has passed. Do not pour this medication down the drain or flush it down the toilet after it has been used.

Fluocinonide Cost

The cost of fluocinonide can vary depending on your health plan coverage as well as if you are prescribed a generic version or brand name. You can use eNavvi to determine the cost of fluocinonide before going in to see your doctor. Or recommend your doctor to use the tool to quickly determine what cheapest version is best for you to be prescribed. As for fluocinonide for dogs, it is best to discuss pricing options with your dog's vet.

No, lisinopril is not a beta blocker. Lisinopril is not a beta blocker but instead belongs to a class of medications known as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. While ACE inhibitors are similar to beta blockers in that both are used to treat high blood pressure, they operate in different ways to produce similar results. Beta blockers mainly work to reduce heart rate, but ACE inhibitors prevent an enzyme in the body from producing angiotensin II, a substance which narrows the blood vessels. This process allows the veins and arteries to relax, therefore lowering blood pressure.

What is lisinopril?

While lisinopril is not a beta blocker, it is a medication that is often prescribed to treat hypertension (high blood pressure), heart failure, as well as to improve survival following a heart attack. It belongs to a class of medications called ACE inhibitors that work by preventing the body from producing a substance that narrows blood vessels. This lowers blood pressure and increases the supply of oxygen and blood delivered to the heart.

Lisinopril is a prescription only medication that is also available under the brand name Accupril.

Lisinopril Side Effects:

Like all medications, the benefits of taking lisinopril also come with some side effects. Tell a doctor or healthcare professional if any of these symptoms are overwhelming or persistent:

• Blurred vision
• Cough
• Dizziness
• Headache
• Excessive tiredness
• Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Weakness
• Sneezing
• Runny nose
• Decrease in sexual ability
• Loss of Taste
• Rash

Tell a doctor right away if you experience any of these more serious side effects:

• Swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
• Hoarseness
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Fever, sore throat, chills, and other signs of infection
• Yellowing of the skin or eyes
• Lightheadedness
• Fainting
• Chest pain

Lisinopril Dosage:

Lisinopril dosage will vary based on age, severity of condition, and what exactly it is being used to treat. For example, an adult being treated for heart failure might be prescribed a different dose than a child being treated for high blood pressure. Most doses for adults start at 5 or 10mg once a day and do not exceed 40mg per day.

Lisinopril Cost:

Lisinopril is a very commonly prescribed medication that is available at a low cost - currently the cash price is between around $5-20 for a 30 day supply. Of course, the cost of lisinopril depends on several factors such as dosage, insurance coverage, and location. Using a tool like eNavvi can help you find your medication at the lowest cost for you.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for

With anti-aging skincare routines becoming all the rage, you may wondering what are the differences between tretinoin vs retinol. This article will over what tretinoin and retinol are and how to best use the products.

Doctors often use eNavvi to look into which retinoids are best to prescribe for their patients based on which are covered by their insurance and based on medication pricing.

What is tretinoin vs retinol

When considering which option is best tretinoin vs retinol, it is actually important to realize that tretinoin is derived from natural occurring Vitamin A or retinol. But while these are in theory the same, they do have different impacts on skin and aging due to different potencies. Retinol is converted into tretinoin through several conversion processes before it will become pure tretinoin. Both tretinoin and retinol are typically found in gel, cream or lotion form and used topically to treat acne and reduce skin aging.

Retinol is often used to treat other skin conditions such as rosacea, melasma, psoriasis and even stretch marks. Retinol can be prescribed to help with kaposi sarcoma, which is a rare form of cancer. In this instance, retinol does not treat the cancer but can slow the rate of the sarcoma cells.

In fact, retinol and tretinoin are both in the retinoid family. Other examples of retinoids are istretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene and trifarotene. Some brand name versions of these retinoids are:

• Adapalene (Differin®, Epiduo®).
• Alitretinoin (Panretin®).
• Bexarotene (Targretin®).
• Tazarotene (Tazorac®, Avage®).
• Tretinoin (Atralin®, Avita®, Refissa®, Renova®, Retin-A®, Tretin-X®).

Tretinoin vs retinol for wrinkles

As previously mentioned, there are some differences between tretinoin vs retinol even though they are both derived from Vitamin A. Retinol is less potent than tretinoin and can often be found over the counter. Whereas, tretinoin due to it's high potency is often prescribed by a doctor. While both can treat acne and reduce signs of aging, tretinoin is more powerful at these actions due to its high potency.

What does Tretinoin do?

Tretinoin treats acne and reduces signs of aging better and quicker than retinol. Tretinoin also improves the appearance of the sign quicker than retinol.

Tretinoin treats acne by unclogging pores, reducing inflammation and prevents the formation of new acne. It can be used to treat the various forms of acne such as blackheads and whiteheads and also papules and pustules.

Tretinoin can improve the appearance of the skin by improving the appearance of hyperpigmentation such aas sunspots, age spots, and skin discoloration from acne. This product exfoliates the skin and increases skin cell turnover.

Tretinoin also has preventative along with healing properties. This product increases the skins natural defense against damage caused by the sun while simultaneously repairing damage that has already been caused by the sun.

How to use tretinoin vs retinol?

As tretinoin is prescribed by a doctor, it is important to take the medication as prescribed by your doctor.

It is advised to use retinoid products in the evening to avoid exposure to the sun. These products can react negatively with sunlight and actually cause long term skin damage if exposed to the sun.

Usually a doctor will prescribe a lower dose of a retinoid and have the patient increase potency over time. It can take 8 to 12 weeks before the effectiveness of the medication can be determined. It is also important to note that your skin condition may worsen in the beginning of product use while the skin adjusts to the new medication.

It is also often advised to do a patch test to see how your skin will react to products such as retinol. This is where you apply a small amount to a patch of skin and see the impact. If there are no negative reactions, then it is advised to slowly begin applying the products such as using the products every few days while your skin adjusts. As your skin becomes more acquainted with the medication, you can use the product more frequently.

Side Effects of tretinoin vs retinol

Tretinoin and retinol have common side effects when you begin using the product.

Some common side effects include:

• Itching or burning sensation of the skin
• Redness, peeling of skin as well as flaky and scaly skin
• Dry, irritated skin
• Increase chance of sunburn

To avoid some of these side effects, it is always a good idea to apply sunscreen (SPF 30+) and wear protective clothing to avoid sun exposure. Only use one retinoid product at a time. Lastly, it can be helpful to wait around 30 minutes after washing your face before applying your retinoid product.

Should any side effect be too painful or concern you, it is always advised to contact your medical professional to discuss if you should continue use of the product.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.

What is Xarelto?

Xarelto is a brand name for a prescription blood thinner called rivaroxaban that is used to treat or prevent blood clots. Xarelto works by slowing down the body’s ability to clot by selectively blocking one of the clotting factors found in your blood, called Factor Xa. This medication is often prescribed to reduce the risk of blood clots and stroke in people with certain medical conditions, such as atrial fibrillation, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE).

Brand name vs generics:

Xarelto currently exists only as a brand name medication and there is no generic available at this time. However, it seems like a generic version of this drug should be on the way soon, as the drug patents for Xarelto are set to expire sometime in late 2024.

Dosage:

Xarelto comes in a liquid suspension that can be swallowed as well as an oral tablet form in the following dosages: 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg, 20mg. Your doctor will prescribe the best dosage to fit your specific needs.

How long does Xarelto stay in your system?

Xarelto takes about 2-4 hours to reach its maximum blood thinning effect in the body, and is typically out of the system after 24 hours.

Side Effects:

Xarelto has some common side effects, such as:

• Bleeding complications, including major bleeding events
• Fainting
• Itching
• Pain in arms or legs
• Muscle pain/spasms

Contact your doctor if you experience these more serious side effects:

• Back pain
• Numbness or muscle weakness in your lower body
• Loss of bladder or bowel control
• Easy bruising or bleeding (nosebleeds, bleeding gums, heavy menstrual bleeding),
• Pain, swelling, new drainage or excessive bleeding from a wound or where a needle was injected
• Any bleeding that will not stop
• Headaches
• Dizziness/Lightheadedness
• Weakness
• Urine that looks red, pink or brown
• Bloody or tarry stools
• Coughing up blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds

Xarelto cost:

Like most medications, the cost of Xarelto will vary based on insurance coverage, pharmacy, and location. You can use eNavvi to determine the cost based on your specific situation. Because there is no generic version of Xarelto yet, this brand name medication can be prohibitively expensive. You and your doctor can use eNavvi to help search for the best price of this medication for you.

Disclaimer

The information included in this page is not a substitute for medical advice. The list of side effects may not include all side effects as drugs can affect all people differently. Any dosage information may not include all dosage information. It is important to discuss with a medical professional that knows your medical history well which dosage is right for you and if there are any potential risks or possible side effects. Our goal is to provide relevant information but this page may not include all up-to-date information.